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''Pinus'', the Pines, is a genus of approximately 111 extant tree and shrub species. The genus is currently split into two subgenera, subgenus ''Pinus'' (Diploxylon pines or Hard pines), and subgenus ''Strobus'' (Haploxylon pines or Soft pines). Each of the subgenera have several sections within based on chloroplast DNA sequencing. Older classifications split the genus with three subgenera, ''Pinus (Pinus)'', ''Pinus (Strobus)'', and ''Pinus (Ducampopinus)'' (Pinyon, Bristlecone and Lacebark pines)physical morphology of based on cone, seed and leaf characters. DNA phylogeny has shown that ''Pinus (Ducampopinus)'' species are members of ''Pinus (Strobus)'', and the subgenus ''Pinus (Ducampopinus)'' is no longer used. Subgenus ''Ducampopinus'' was regarded as intermediate between the other two subgenera. In many classifications, it is combined into subgenus ''Strobus'', but it was also included in subgenus ''Pinus'' in an early classification by the Californian botanist J G Lemmon in 1888, yet it did not fit entirely well in either so it was treated as a third subgenus in its own right. In general, cone and cone scale and seed morphology and leaf fascicle and sheath morphology were emphasized and this seemed to result in a classification that had subsections of pines that were understandable and usually readily recognized by their general appearance. Pines with one fibrovascular bundle per leaf, i.e. subgenera ''Strobus'' and ''Ducampopinus'', were known as ''haploxylon pines'', while pines with two fibrovascular bundles per leaf, i.e. subgenus ''Pinus'', were called ''diploxylon pines''. Diploxylon pines tend to have harder timber and more amounts of resin than the haploxylon pines. ==Subgenus ''Pinus'' == Subgenus ''Pinus'' includes the yellow and hard pines. * Section ''Pinus'' is mostly in Europe, Asia, except for ''P. resinosa'' in northeast North America and ''P. tropicalis'' in Cuba. * * Subsection ''Pinus'' * * *''P. densata'' - Sikang pine * * *''P. densiflora'' - Japanese red pine * * *''P. fragilissima'' * * *''P. henryi''? * * *''P. hwangshanensis'' - Huangshan pine * * *''kesiya'' - Khasi pine * * *''P. latteri''? - Tenasserim pine * * *''P. luchuensis'' - Luchu pine * * *''P. massoniana'' - Masson's pine * * *''P. merkusii'' - Sumatran pine * * *''P. mugo'' - Mountain pine * * *''P. nigra'' - European black pine * * *''P. resinosa'' - Red pine * * *''P. sylvestris'' - Scots pine * * *''P. tabuliformis'' - Chinese red pine * * *''P. taiwanensis'' - Taiwan red pine * * *''P. thunbergii'' - Japanese black pine * * *''P. tropicalis'' - Tropical pine * * *''P. uncinata'' * * *''P. yunnanensis'' - Yunnan pine * * Subsection ''Incertae sedis'' * * *†''P. driftwoodensis'' - Early Eocene, British Columbia, Canada * *Subsection ''Pinaster'' * * *''P. brutia'' - Turkish pine * * *''P. canariensis' - Canary Island pine * * *''P. halepensis'' - Aleppo pine * * *''P. heldreichii'' - Bosnian pine * * *''P. pinaster'' - Maritime pine * * *''P. pinea'' - Stone pine * * *''P. roxburghii'' - Chir pine *Section ''Trifoliae'' - American hard pines * *Subsection ''Australes'' - North America, Central America, Caribbean * * *''P. attenuata'' - Knobcone Pine * * *''P. caribaea'' - Caribbean Pine * * *''P. cubensis'' - Cuban Pine * * *''P. echinata'' - Shortleaf Pine * * *''P. elliottii'' - Slash Pine * * *''†P. foisyi'' - extinct * * *''P. glabra'' - Spruce Pine * * *''P. greggii'' - Gregg's Pine * * *''P. herrerae'' - Herrera's Pine * * *''P. jaliscana'' - Jalisco Pine * * *''P. lawsonii'' - Lawson's Pine * * *''P. leiophylla'' - Chihuahua Pine * * *''P. lumholtzii'' - Lumholtz's Pine * * *†''P. matthewsii'' - Pliocene, Yukon Territory, Canada * * *''P. muricata'' - Bishop Pine * * *''P. occidentalis'' - Hispaniolan Pine * * *''P. oocarpa'' - Egg-cone Pine * * *''P. palustris'' - Longleaf Pine * * *''P. patula'' - Patula Pine * * *''P. praetermissa'' - McVaugh's Pine * * *''P. pringlei'' - Pringle's Pine * * *''P. pungens'' - Table Mountain Pine * * *''P. radiata'' - Monterey Pine * * *''P. rigida'' - Pitch Pine * * *''P. serotina'' - Pond Pine * * *''P. taeda'' - Loblolly Pine * * *''P. tecunumanii'' - Tecun Uman Pine * * *''P. teocote'' - Ocote Pine * *Subsection ''Contortae'' - North America * * *''P. banksiana'' - Jack Pine * * *''P. clausa'' - Sand Pine * * *''P. contorta'' - Lodgepole Pine * * *''P. virginiana'' - Virginia Pine * *Subsection ''Ponderosae'' - Central America, Mexico, western United States, southwest Canada. * * *''P. arizonica''? - Arizona Pine * * *''P. cooperi'' - Cooper's Pine * * *''P. coulteri'' - Coulter Pine * * *''P. donnell-smithii'' * * *''P. devoniana'' - Michoacan Pine * * *''P. douglasiana'' * * *''P. durangensis'' - Durango Pine * * *''P. engelmannii'' - Apache Pine * * *''P. hartwegii'' - Hartweg's Pine * * *''P. jeffreyi'' - Jeffrey Pine * * *†''P. johndayensis'' - Oligocene * * *''P. maximinoi'' - Thinleaf Pine * * *''P. montezumae'' - Montezuma Pine * * *''P. nubicola'' * * *''P. ponderosa'' - Ponderosa Pine * * *''P. pseudostrobus'' - Smooth-bark Mexican Pine * * *''P. sabiniana'' - Gray Pine * * *''P. torreyana'' - Torrey Pine * * *''P. washoensis'' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Pinus species」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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